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RPM 查詢

  1. 查詢已安裝套件資訊的選項以 -q 開頭。 
    [root@linux ~]# rpm -qa
[root@linux ~]# rpm -q[licdR] 已安裝的套件名稱
[root@linux ~]# rpm -qf 存在於系統上面的某個檔案

-q  ：僅查詢，後面接的套件名稱是否有安裝；
-qa ：列出所有已經安裝在本機 Linux 系統上面的套件名稱；
-qi ：列出該套件的詳細資訊 (information)，包含開發商、版本與說明等；
-ql ：列出該套件所有的檔案與目錄所在完整檔名 (list)；
-qc ：列出該套件的所有設定檔 (僅找出在 /etc/ 底下的檔名)
-qd ：列出該套件的所有說明檔 (僅找出與 man 有關的檔案)
-qR ：列出與該套件有關的相依套件所含的檔案 (Required )
-qf ：由後面接的檔案名稱，找出該檔案屬於哪一個已安裝的套件；
  2. 查詢未安裝套件資訊的選項： 
    [root@linux ~]# rpm -qp[licdR] 未安裝的某個檔案名稱
-qp[icdlR]：後面接的所有參數以上面的說明一致。
  3. 找出是否有安裝套件 logrotate？ 
    [root@linux ~]# rpm -q logrotate  # 不必加上版本。
logrotate-3.7.1-10
[root@linux ~]# rpm -q logrotating
package logrotating is not installed
  4. 列出套件 logrotate 的所有目錄與檔案： 
    [root@linux ~]# rpm -ql logrotate
/etc/cron.daily/logrotate
/etc/logrotate.conf
......以下省略......
  5. 列出套件 logrotate 的相關說明資料： 
    [root@linux ~]# rpm -qi logrotate
Name        : logrotate     Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 3.7.1         Vendor: Red Hat, Inc.
Release     : 10            Build Date: Fri Apr  1 03:54:42 2005
Install Date: Sat Jun 25 08:28:26 2005  Build Host: tweety.build.redhat.com
Group       : 系統環境/基礎   Source RPM: logrotate-3.7.1-10.src.rpm
Size        : 47825         License: GPL
Signature   : DSA/SHA1, Sat May 21 01:34:11 2005, Key ID b44269d04f2a6fd2
Packager    : Red Hat, Inc. <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla>
Summary     : 循環、壓縮、移除以及郵寄系統紀錄檔案。
Description :
The logrotate utility is designed to simplify the administration of
log files on a system which generates a lot of log files. Logrotate
allows for the automatic rotation, compression, removal, and mailing of
log files. Logrotate can be set to handle a log file daily, weekly,
monthly, or when the log file gets to a certain size. Normally,
logrotate runs as a daily cron job.
  6. 查詢 mplayer 的設定檔 
    [root@dywHome2 ~]# rpm -qc mplayer
/etc/mplayer/codecs.conf
/etc/mplayer/input.conf
/etc/mplayer/menu.conf
/etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
  7. 查詢 mplayer 的說明檔 
    [root@dywHome2 ~]# rpm -qd mplayer
/usr/share/doc/mplayer-1.0/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/mplayer-1.0/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/mplayer-1.0/Copyright
/usr/share/doc/mplayer-1.0/HTML/cs/advaudio.html
/usr/share/doc/mplayer-1.0/HTML/cs/aspect.html
/usr/share/doc/mplayer-1.0/HTML/cs/audio-codecs.html
/usr/share/doc/mplayer-1.0/HTML/cs/audio-formats.html
----以下省略----
  8. 查詢 logrotate 相依套件 
    [root@linux ~]# rpm -qR logrotate
/bin/sh
config(logrotate) = 3.7.1-10
libc.so.6
----以下省略----
  9. 查詢 /bin/sh 是由那個套件提供？ 
    [root@linux ~]# rpm -qf /bin/sh
bash-3.0-31
# 參數後面接的是『檔案』，不是接套件。
  10. 查詢套件 kplayer ( 未安裝 )之相依套件？ 
    [root@dywHome2 rpm]# rpm -qpR kplayer-0.5.3-5mdv2007.0.i586.rpm
mplayer
kdelibs-common
/bin/sh
/bin/sh
rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1
libDCOP.so.4
libICE.so.6
----以下省略----
  11. 查詢套件 logrotate 設定檔 
    [root@dywHome2 ~]# rpm -qc logrotate
/etc/logrotate.conf
/etc/logrotate.d/syslog
  12. 若查出 logrotate 的設定檔案已被改過，而要從網路直接重新安裝，該如何作？ 
    [root@dywHome2 ~]# rpm -ivh http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/Linux/Mandriva\
>/official/2007.0/i586/media/main/release/logrotate-3.7.3-4mdk.i586.rpm\
> --replacepkgs
  13. 如果誤刪 /etc/crontab，如何查詢它屬於那個套件，以重新安裝？ 
    # 雖然檔案 /etc/crontab 已不存在，但 /var/lib/rpm 資料庫中有記錄：
[root@dywHome2 ~]# rpm -qf /etc/crontab
crontabs-1.10-6mdk
  14. 查詢系統中含 player 字串的套件？ 
    [root@dywHome2 rpm]# rpm -qa | grep player
mplayer-1.0-1.pre8.13.2mdv2007.0
kplayer-0.5.3-5mdv2007.0
  15. 如何知道系統中以 c 開頭的套件有幾個？ 
    [root@dywHome2 rpm]# rpm -qa | grep ^c | wc -l
15
  16. 查詢 rpm 套件並以 -queryformat 選項指定輸出格式。以下例子是以輸出安裝時間的時間戳、日期、套件名稱顯示，並以時間戳排序，最後列出最後 10 行。 
    [root@kvm7 ~]# rpm -qa  --queryformat '%{installtime} (%{installtime:date}) %{name}\n' | sort -n | tail 
1408439342 (Tue 19 Aug 2014 05:09:02 PM CST) keyutils
1408439342 (Tue 19 Aug 2014 05:09:02 PM CST) libevent
1408439342 (Tue 19 Aug 2014 05:09:02 PM CST) quota
1408439343 (Tue 19 Aug 2014 05:09:03 PM CST) libnfsidmap
1408439344 (Tue 19 Aug 2014 05:09:04 PM CST) nfs-utils
1408619268 (Thu 21 Aug 2014 07:07:48 PM CST) apr
1408619269 (Thu 21 Aug 2014 07:07:49 PM CST) apr-util
1408619269 (Thu 21 Aug 2014 07:07:49 PM CST) httpd-tools
1408619270 (Thu 21 Aug 2014 07:07:50 PM CST) mailcap
1408619271 (Thu 21 Aug 2014 07:07:51 PM CST) httpd
  17. 上面例子以單引號括起來的輸出格式是以 printf 函式運作，其中 %{} 大括號內的變數，大小寫不分，可以使用 -querytags 查詢所有的變數。 
    [root@kvm7 ~]# rpm --querytags
ARCH
ARCHIVESIZE
BASENAMES
BUGURL
BUILDARCHS
BUILDHOST
BUILDTIME
C
CHANGELOGNAME
CHANGELOGTEXT
CHANGELOGTIME
CLASSDICT
COLLECTIONS
CONFLICTFLAGS
CONFLICTNAME
CONFLICTNEVRS
CONFLICTS
CONFLICTVERSION
COOKIE
DBINSTANCE
DEPENDSDICT
DESCRIPTION
DIRINDEXES
DIRNAMES
DISTRIBUTION
DISTTAG
DISTURL
DSAHEADER
E
EPOCH
EPOCHNUM
EVR
EXCLUDEARCH
EXCLUDEOS
EXCLUSIVEARCH
EXCLUSIVEOS
FILECAPS
FILECLASS
FILECOLORS
FILECONTEXTS
FILEDEPENDSN
FILEDEPENDSX
FILEDEVICES
FILEDIGESTALGO
FILEDIGESTS
FILEFLAGS
FILEGROUPNAME
FILEINODES
FILELANGS
FILELINKTOS
FILEMD5S
FILEMODES
FILEMTIMES
FILENAMES
FILENLINKS
FILEPROVIDE
FILERDEVS
FILEREQUIRE
FILESIZES
FILESTATES
FILEUSERNAME
FILEVERIFYFLAGS
FSCONTEXTS
GIF
GROUP
HDRID
HEADERCOLOR
HEADERI18NTABLE
HEADERIMAGE
HEADERIMMUTABLE
HEADERREGIONS
HEADERSIGNATURES
ICON
INSTALLCOLOR
INSTALLTID
INSTALLTIME
INSTFILENAMES
INSTPREFIXES
LICENSE
LONGARCHIVESIZE
LONGFILESIZES
LONGSIGSIZE
LONGSIZE
N
NAME
NEVR
NEVRA
NOPATCH
NOSOURCE
NVR
NVRA
O
OBSOLETEFLAGS
OBSOLETENAME
OBSOLETENEVRS
OBSOLETES
OBSOLETEVERSION
OLDFILENAMES
OPTFLAGS
ORDERFLAGS
ORDERNAME
ORDERVERSION
ORIGBASENAMES
ORIGDIRINDEXES
ORIGDIRNAMES
ORIGFILENAMES
OS
P
PACKAGER
PATCH
PATCHESFLAGS
PATCHESNAME
PATCHESVERSION
PAYLOADCOMPRESSOR
PAYLOADFLAGS
PAYLOADFORMAT
PKGID
PLATFORM
POLICIES
POLICYFLAGS
POLICYNAMES
POLICYTYPES
POLICYTYPESINDEXES
POSTIN
POSTINFLAGS
POSTINPROG
POSTTRANS
POSTTRANSFLAGS
POSTTRANSPROG
POSTUN
POSTUNFLAGS
POSTUNPROG
PREFIXES
PREIN
PREINFLAGS
PREINPROG
PRETRANS
PRETRANSFLAGS
PRETRANSPROG
PREUN
PREUNFLAGS
PREUNPROG
PROVIDEFLAGS
PROVIDENAME
PROVIDENEVRS
PROVIDES
PROVIDEVERSION
PUBKEYS
R
RECONTEXTS
RELEASE
REMOVETID
REQUIREFLAGS
REQUIRENAME
REQUIRENEVRS
REQUIRES
REQUIREVERSION
RPMVERSION
RSAHEADER
SHA1HEADER
SIGGPG
SIGMD5
SIGPGP
SIGSIZE
SIZE
SOURCE
SOURCEPACKAGE
SOURCEPKGID
SOURCERPM
SUMMARY
TRIGGERCONDS
TRIGGERFLAGS
TRIGGERINDEX
TRIGGERNAME
TRIGGERSCRIPTFLAGS
TRIGGERSCRIPTPROG
TRIGGERSCRIPTS
TRIGGERTYPE
TRIGGERVERSION
URL
V
VCS
VENDOR
VERBOSE
VERIFYSCRIPT
VERIFYSCRIPTFLAGS
VERIFYSCRIPTPROG
VERSION
XPM

2015-04-13