- 查看硬碟編號為 vda。
[root@kvm7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 252:0 0 4G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
├─vda2 252:2 0 3.4G 0 part
│ ├─vg_kvm7usb-swap 253:0 0 124M 0 lvm [SWAP]
│ └─vg_kvm7usb-root 253:1 0 3.1G 0 lvm /
└─vda3 252:3 0 130M 0 part
└─vg_kvm7home-vo 253:2 0 80M 0 lvm /home
- fdisk 命令分割硬碟，不必再使用 -uc 選項。
[root@kvm7 ~]# fdisk /dev/vda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
- 執行 m 可以列出所有指令。
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
- 執行 p 列出分割表，建議每一動作結束都使用 p 查看分割表。
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a59f4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 411648 7579647 3584000 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda3 7579648 7845887 133120 8e Linux LVM
- 執行 n 新增分割區，MBR 只能有記錄四個分割區，若有五個以上分割區，必須使用 extended 擴展分割區。
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e):
Using default response e
Selected partition 4
First sector (7845888-8388607, default 7845888):
Using default value 7845888
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (7845888-8388607, default 8388607):
Using default value 8388607
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 265 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a59f4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 411648 7579647 3584000 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda3 7579648 7845887 133120 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda4 7845888 8388607 271360 5 Extended
- 執行 n 新增分割區，因 MBR 已記錄 4 筆分割區，故強制使用 logical 分割區。
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (7847936-8388607, default 7847936):
Using default value 7847936
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (7847936-8388607, default 8388607): +10M
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 10 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a59f4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 411648 7579647 3584000 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda3 7579648 7845887 133120 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda4 7845888 8388607 271360 5 Extended
/dev/vda5 7847936 7868415 10240 83 Linux
- 執行 t 改變分割區系統 ID，設定為 82 Linux swap 分割區。
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5, default 5):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a59f4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 411648 7579647 3584000 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda3 7579648 7845887 133120 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda4 7845888 8388607 271360 5 Extended
/dev/vda5 7847936 7868415 10240 82 Linux swap / Solaris
- 執行 w 儲存分割表後退出，一樣出現警告訊息。
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
- 依照警告訊息執行 partprobe 及 kpartx。
[root@kvm7 ~]# partprobe /dev/vda
[root@kvm7 ~]# kpartx /dev/vda
vda1 : 0 409600 /dev/vda 2048
vda2 : 0 7168000 /dev/vda 411648
vda3 : 0 266240 /dev/vda 7579648
vda4 : 0 2 /dev/vda 7845888
vda5 : 0 20480 /dev/vda 7847936
[root@kvm7 ~]#
- 列出分割表，已出現剛剛分割的新分割區。
[root@kvm7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 252:0 0 4G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
├─vda2 252:2 0 3.4G 0 part
│ ├─vg_kvm7usb-swap 253:0 0 124M 0 lvm [SWAP]
│ └─vg_kvm7usb-root 253:1 0 3.1G 0 lvm /
├─vda3 252:3 0 130M 0 part
│ └─vg_kvm7home-vo 253:2 0 80M 0 lvm /home
├─vda4 252:4 0 1K 0 part
└─vda5 252:5 0 10M 0 part
- 沒有重新開機，直接格式化分割區 /dev/vda5 為 swap。
[root@kvm7 ~]# mkswap /dev/vda5
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 10236 KiB
no label, UUID=d9b87380-fcf6-4c59-8421-130e3749a0a3
- 建立開機自動掛載 /dev/vda5 為 swap。
[root@kvm7 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/vda5 swap swap defaults 0 0
- 檢查目前 swap 只有 dm-0 大小為 126972 bytes。
[root@kvm7 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-0 partition 126972 0 -1
- 重新掛載 /etc/fstab 上的 swap 分割區，v7 不再警告已掛載的 swap。
[root@kvm7 ~]# swapon -a
- 檢查 swap 已出現 /dev/vda5 的 swap，大小為 10236 bytes。
[root@kvm7 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-0 partition 126972 0 -1
/dev/vda5 partition 10236 0 -2
